Cats are beloved family members, and keeping them healthy and safe is essential. Knowing the most common cat diseases can help identify potential health issues your feline might face. Taking proper preventive measures and closely monitoring your pet for signs of an illness can reduce the risk of developing a severe medical condition that could require extensive care or even be life-threatening. Typical disease symptoms in cats include changes in behavior, appetite, and energy level; weight loss or gain; vomiting; diarrhea; respiratory distress; and more. If you observe any of these signs in your cat, it’s important to take them to the vet for an evaluation as soon as possible.
Continue reading to learn more about the most common cat diseases, symptoms, and treatments.
Diabetes
Diabetes is a common condition that affects the body’s ability to control the sugar level in the bloodstream and can lead to serious complications if left untreated.
Common symptoms of diabetes in cats include:
- increased urination and thirst
- weight loss
- lethargy
- vomiting
- diarrhea
Treatment in cats typically involves a combination of dietary changes and insulin injections. Regular monitoring is essential; this typically happens in the form of Blood Glucose Curves at the veterinarian and other specialized blood tests. During the blood glucose curve, the vet tracks blood sugar levels throughout the day to ensure the prescribed insulin dose successfully controls glucose levels.
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) is a virus that affects cats and can result in serious, life-threatening illnesses. It is common in multi-cat households because it spreads through close contact with infected cats, like sharing food /water bowls, mutual grooming, or snuggling.
Common symptoms of FeLV in cats include:
- Bloody, pale, or inflamed gums
- Decreased appetite and weight loss
- Lethargy and depression
- Fever
- Sudden changes in behavior
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Poor coat condition
Treatment for FeLV in cats typically involves a combination of supportive therapies such as nutrition/hydration support, medication to manage symptoms, blood work to monitor the virus’ progression, and regular check-ups. In some cases, FeLV can be managed through lifestyle changes alone, depending on the severity of the condition.
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is a virus that affects cats and can result in serious illnesses. FIV is a slow-progressing virus, and cats may not always exhibit immediate symptoms, making it harder to detect. It’s transmitted via saliva or bodily secretions, like fighting with an infected cat.
Common symptoms of FIV in cats include:
- Sneezing
- Decreased appetite and weight loss
- Lethargy and depression
- Fever
- Diarrhea
- Poor coat condition, skin redness, and wounds
- Swollen lymph nodes or other organs
- Increased susceptibility to infection and illness
- Anemia
Treatment for FIV in cats typically involves a combination of therapies such as medication to manage symptoms, blood work to monitor the virus’ progression, and regular check-ups.
In some cases, FIV can be managed through lifestyle changes alone, depending on the severity of the condition. These include providing a stress-free environment for your cat, avoiding contact with other cats, and regularly cleaning food and water dishes to prevent cross-contamination.
Feline Panleukopenia (FPLV)
Feline Panleukopenia (FPLV) is a cat illness targeting the immune and nervous systems. It is known for being one of the most contagious cat diseases. FPLV attacks the white blood cells, leading to heart problems that can be fatal for your cat.
Common symptoms of FPLV in cats include:
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Lethargy and depression
- Seizures or paralysis
- Reddened eyes, skin, or gums
If you believe your cat displays any of these symptoms, take them to the vet for an evaluation as soon as possible. Treatment for FPLV in cats typically involves supportive therapies such as fluids and electrolyte replacement, nutrition and hydration support, medication to manage symptoms, blood work to monitor the virus’s progression, and regular check-ups. Immunization is critical to preventing FPLV in cats, so keep your pet’s shots up-to-date.
Most cats can fully recover from FPLV with good care and proper treatment. However, cats may require additional medications or treatments in severe cases, such as antiviral therapy or immunoglobulin therapy.
Ringworm Infection
Ringworm is a common infection caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. It appears on the skin as red, scaly, itchy patches, and hair loss. Ringworm can be spread through contact with infected animals, people, furniture, bedding, or other contaminated objects.
Common symptoms of Ringworm in cats include:
- Reddish or silvery patches on the fur or skin
- Hair loss (alopecia)
- Itching or scratching, leading to sores and scabs
- Thickening of the skin
Treatment for Ringworm in cats typically involves a combination of topical medications, such as antifungal shampoos, ointments, or creams, to reduce fungal growth. Your vet may also recommend oral medications for more severe cases.
In addition to medications, it’s important to practice good hygiene and regularly clean your cat’s environment to prevent the spread of infection. This includes washing items in contact with your cat, such as bedding, furniture, and toys. It’s also crucial to separate infected cats from other pets in the household until they are fully recovered.
Cancer
Cancer is a broad term used to describe many different types of abnormal cell growth. It is caused by abnormal cells that divide and grow uncontrollably, leading to tumors or other issues.
Common symptoms of cancer in cats include:
- Unusual lumps or masses on the skin or beneath the fur
- Abnormal bleeding or discharge
- Loss of appetite and weight loss
- Lethargy and depression
- Difficulty breathing
- Changes in behavior, such as increased aggression or restlessness
If you suspect your cat may have cancer, you must take them to the vet for an evaluation as soon as possible. Treatment for cancer in cats typically involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or surgery, depending on the type and severity of the cancer. Your vet will be able to provide more information on what steps are necessary to treat your cat’s condition. While treatment is often designed to eliminate cancer cells, some treatments can cause significant side effects. Discussing these potential risks with your vet before treatment is essential.
Upper Respiratory Infection
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) is a common illness caused by bacteria and viruses in the respiratory tract. It affects cats of all ages, but kittens are particularly vulnerable to developing severe complications due to their weakened immune systems.
Symptoms of URI in cats can include:
- Coughing or sneezing
- Nasal and eye discharge
- Loss of appetite
- Fever or lethargy
- Difficulty breathing
If your cat shows signs of an Upper Respiratory Infection, it’s essential to take them to the vet for assessment as soon as possible. Treatment for URI in cats typically includes antibiotics, fluids, and supportive care such as proper nutrition and rest.
In addition to medical treatment, you can take several preventative measures to reduce the risk of your cat developing an Upper Respiratory Infection. This includes providing a clean environment free of dust and other irritants, avoiding contact with cats that may be sick, and regularly cleaning your cat’s bedding. It’s also crucial to practice good hygiene around your cat to prevent the spread of infection.
Contact My Best Friend Veterinary Center
If you suspect your cat may suffer from any of the most common cat diseases discussed in this article, contact My Best Friend Veterinary Center for an evaluation. Our experienced veterinarians are dedicated to providing the best possible care and treatment for cats with all illnesses. Vaccines are also key in preventing many of these cat diseases, so keep your pet’s shots up-to-date. We take pride in being a trusted source for pet owners when it comes to keeping their pets healthy and happy. Contact My Best Friend, Veterinary Center, today to learn how we can help you keep your cat safe and healthy.